Impact of Local Emergency Demand Response Programs on the Operation of Electricity and Gas Systems

With increasing attention to climate change, the penetration level of renewable energy sources (RES) in electricity network is increasing. Due intermittency RES, gas-fired power plants could play a significant role backing up RES order maintain supply–demand balance. As result, interaction between gas and networks are significantly On other hand, due increase peak demand (e.g., electrification heat), operators willing execute response programs (DRPs) improve congestion management reduce costs. In this context, modeling optimal implementation DRPs proportion one main issues for operators. paper, an emergency program (EDRP) implemented locally transmission lines pipelines more efficiently. Additionally, effects local (LEDRP) using linear non-linear economic models (power, exponential logarithmic) EDRP terms cost line risk unserved investigated. The most reliable model approach that has least difference estimated actual demand. Furthermore, LEDRP case hydrogen injection instead natural infrastructure incentives each bus or node determined based on transfer distribution factor, available capability, combination unit commitment with integrated operation these networks. According results, implementing reduces total 11% facilitate network. proposed hybrid 24-bus IEEE 15-bus quantify value different models.